CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Biology for Academic year 2024-2025
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-2025: Complete Guide
Biology is one of the toughest subjects for many students, therefore, CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus has come as a rescue to help candidates to score good marks in the upcoming board examination. The syllabus is designed following proper guidelines of effective learning which can be used in real life.
Go below to unlock the entire biology cbse class 12 syllabus completely free without any hassles.
CBSE has suggested NCERT textbooks to be followed for the academic year 2024-25. The subject holds deep knowledge of the theories related to broad categories such as cell structure, genetics, ecology, biotechnology, and human physiology.
Unit-VI: Reproduction
Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination – types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events – development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.
Chapter-3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilization, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).
Chapter-4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control – need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).
Unit-VII: Genetics and Evolution
Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and Variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination – in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance – hemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans – thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.
Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed. Description of family Solanaceae
Chapter- 7: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution – variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy – Weinberg’s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.
Unit-VIII: Biology and Human Welfare
Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology – vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence – drug and alcohol abuse.
Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation andmicrobes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.
Unit-IX: Biotechnology and its Applications
Chapter-11: Biotechnology – Principles and Processes
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).
Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Applications
Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms – Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.
Unit-X: Ecology and Environment
Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations
Population interactions – mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes – growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Abiotic Factors, Responses to Abiotic Factors, Adaptations)
Chapter-14: Ecosystem
Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles)
Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25 Marking Scheme
| CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus Marking Scheme | |
|---|---|
| Units | Marks |
| Reproduction | 16 |
| Genetics and Evolution | 20 |
| Biology and Human Welfare | 12 |
| Biotechnology and its Applications | 12 |
| Ecology and Environment | 10 |
| Total | 70 |
Biology CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25 for Practicals
Biology Practicals are an important way to help students conduct experiments and know about various principles more closely. CBSE has constructed a proper module for the biology practicals containing crucial topics to help students familiarise with the concepts. These are important from the exam point of view and students must prepare for it thoroughly to secure a good score.
The Biology Practical is divided into three major sections including experiment list, spotting and practicals. Each section is discussed in an elaborated way below in the table
Part A: List of Experiment
| Part A – List of Experiments |
| Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination. |
| Study the plant population density by quadrat method. |
| Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method. |
| Prepare a temporary mount of the onion root tip to study mitosis. |
| Isolate DNA from available plant material (e.g., spinach, green pea seeds, papaya). |
Part B: Spotting (Study and Observe)
The part b require students to observe and identify the following list:
| Part B – Spotting (Study and Observe) |
| Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds). |
| Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide or SEM. |
| Identification of stages of gamete development (T.S. of testis and ovary). |
| Meiosis in onion bud cells or grasshopper testis through permanent slides. |
| T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian). |
| Mendelian inheritance uses seeds of different colours/sizes of any plant. |
| Prepared pedigree charts of genetic traits (e.g., rolling of tongue, blood groups). |
| Controlled pollination – emasculation, tagging, and bagging. |
| Study of common disease-causing organisms like Entamoeba, Plasmodium, Ascaris and any fungus-causing ringworm through permanent slides, models, or virtual images. |
| Models showing symbolic association in root modules of leguminous plants, Cuscuta on the host, and lichens. |
| Flashcard models showing examples of homologous and analogous organs. |
Part C: Practicals
| Part C – Practicals |
| Study of flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects). |
| Identification of T.S. of morula or blastula of frog (model). |
| Study of mammalian inheritance patterns using beads/seeds of different sizes/textures. |
| Preparation of pedigree charts of genetic traits such as rolling of the tongue, and colour blindness. |
| Study of emasculation, tagging, and bagging by trying out an exercise on controlled pollination. |
| Identify common disease-causing organisms like Ascaris (model), and learn some common symptoms of the disease that they cause. |
| Comment upon the morphological adaptations of plants found in xerophytic conditions. |
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25 Practicals Marking Scheme
| CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus Practicals Marking Scheme | |
| Evaluation Component | Marks |
| One Major Experiment | 5 |
| One Minor Experiment (Experiments 2 & 3) | 4 |
| Slide Preparation (Experiment 1 & 4) | 5 |
| Spotting | 7 |
| Practical Record + Viva Voce | 4 |
| Investigatory Project + Project Record + Viva Voce | 5 |
| Total | |
Deleted CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus
The Biology syllabus has seen some major changes as the council decided to cut around a major section from it. The updated syllabus is provided above, however, if you want to learn which topics got removed, check the table below.
| Biology Deleted Syllabus CBSE Class 12 | |||
| Units | Chapters | Pages | Deleted Topics |
| Unit-VI – Reproduction | Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms | 3-18 | The whole chapter deleted |
| Unit-VIII – Biology and Human Welfare | Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production | 165–176,
178 |
The whole chapter deleted |
| Unit-X – Ecology and Environment | Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations | 220
221–222 223–225 225–226 250–252 253–254 254–255 255 |
13.1 Organism and Its Environment
Ques. 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
| Chapter 14: Ecosystem | 14.6 Ecological Succession
14.7 Nutrient Cycling
14.8 Ecosystem Services |
||
| Chapter 16: Environmental Issues | 270–286 | Full Chapter | |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus
Is 12th biology lengthy and difficult?
Ans. There are various topics which students might find a bit hard as the Class 12th biology syllabus is tougher than class 11th. However, students must regularly practise and revise to do well in the exams.
Is there any reduction in the Biology Cbse Class 12 Syllabus?
Ans. : Cbse has cut around 30% of the biology syllabus to reduce the pressure on students. However, there are a few hard topics, therefore, students must pay attention while studying.
Which is the toughest chapter in class 12 Biology?
Ans.: All the topics are a bit complex to understand, students find Reproduction, Biotechnology and its applications and Genetics tough.
latest video
news via inbox
Nulla turp dis cursus. Integer liberos euismod pretium faucibua
