Part 2

Macroeconomics

Solutions

• Types of solutions,
• Expression of concentration of the solutions of solids in liquids.
• Solubility of gases in liquids
• Raoult’s law
• Colligative properties, and the relative lowering of vapour pressure
• Elevation of boiling point
• Depression of freezing point,
• Osmotic pressure
• Determination of molecular masses through colligative properties,
• Abnormal molecular mass,
• Van’t Hoff factor.

Electrochemistry

• Redox reactions
• EMF of a cell
• Nernst equation, its application to chemical cells.
• Relation between the Gibbs energy change and the EMF of a cell.
• Conductance in electrolytic solutions,
• Molar conductivity,
• Variations of conductivity with concentration,
• Kohlrausch’s Law,
• Electrolysis and law of electrolysis
• Dry cell-electrolytic cells and
• Galvanic cells,
• Fuel cells and corrosion.

Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of a reaction
• Order and molecularity of a reaction,
• Rate law and specific rate constant,
• Integrated rate equations and half-life
• Collision theory
• Arrhenius equation.

d and f Block Elements

• General introduction,
• Electronic configuration,
• Occurrence and characteristics of transition metals.
• Lanthanoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.
• Actinides: Electronic configuration, Oxidation states, and its comparison with lanthanide.

Coordination Compounds

• Coordination compounds.
• Bonding,
• Werner’s theory, VBT, and CFT;
• structure and stereoisomerism,
• importance of coordination compounds

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

• Haloalkanes: Nomenclature,
• nature of C–X bond,
• optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.
• Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions
• Uses and environmental effects of: dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform and DDT.

7

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

• Alcohols: Nomenclature, preparation, physical and chemical properties, identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, and mechanism of dehydration, with its uses and reference to methanol and ethanol.
• Phenols: Nomenclature, preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, phenols uses.
• Ethers: Nomenclature, preparation method, physical and chemical properties, its uses.

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

• Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature and the nature of carbonyl groups. Preparation method, physical and chemical properties. Mechanism of nucleophilic addition, and the reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes and its uses.
• Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature and the acidic nature, Preparation methods, physical and chemical properties and its uses.

Amines

• Amines: Nomenclature, structure, classification preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, its uses, and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.
• Diazonium salts: Preparation methods, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates – Classification, monosaccharides, D-L configuration oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and Importance of carbohydrates.
• Proteins -Elementary idea of amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins – primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures, denaturation of proteins and enzymes.
• Hormones: Elementary idea excluding structure.
• Vitamins: Classifications and functions.
• Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

Chapter-2: Human Reproduction

Chapter-3: Reproductive Health

Chapter-5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Chapter-6: Evolution

Chapter-8: Microbes in Human Welfare

Chapter-10: Biotechnology and its Applications

Chapter-12: Ecosystem

Chapter-13: Biodiversity and Its Conservation

Notice

Formal/Informal Invitation and Reply

Letters Writing – For a job with bio-data or resume

Letters to the editor

Article/ Report Writing