Go through the latest JEE Mains 2025 syllabus below. The syllabus remains the same, and there are no changes this year. The National Testing Agency released the syllabus on their official website. Additionally, they designed and published the new information brochure covering all the details of the examination. The students are advised to download the JEE Mains 2025 syllabus to understand all the chapters and topics of each subject.

JEE Aspirants can go through the official JEE Main 2025 syllabus below.

JEE Mains 2025 Physics Syllabus

Topic Wise JEE Mains Syllabus 2025

Physics and Measurement

• Physics, technology, and society
• S.I. Units, fundamental and derived units
• Least count, accuracy, and precision of measuring instruments
• Errors in measurement
• Dimensions of Physics quantities
• Dimensional analysis, and its applications

Kinematics

• The frame of reference, motion in a straight line
• Position-time graph, speed, and velocity
• Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed, and instantaneous velocity
• Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion
• Scalars and Vectors
• Vector: Addition and subtraction, zero vector, scalar and vector products
• Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector
• Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion
• Uniform Circular Motion

Laws of Motion

• Force and inertia
• Newton’s First law of motion
• Momentum
• Newton’s Second Law of motion
• Impulses
• Newton’s Third Law of motion
• Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications
• Equilibrium of concurrent forces
• Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction
• Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications

Work, Energy, and Power

• Work done by a content force and a variable force
• Kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power
• The potential energy of spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces
• Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions

Rotational Motion

• Centre of the mass of a two-particle system
• Centre of the mass of a rigid body
• Basic concepts of rotational motion: torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications
• The moment of inertia, the radius of gyration
• Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, and their applications
• Rigid body rotation equations of rotational motion

Gravitation

• The universal law of gravitation
• Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth
• Kepler’s law of planetary motion
• Gravitational potential energy, gravitational potential
• Escape velocity, Orbital velocity of a satellite
• Geostationary satellites

Properties of Solids and Liquids

• Elastic behavior, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s Law
• Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity
• Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal’s law and its applications
• Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, streamline, and turbulent flow
• Reynolds number, Bernoulli’s principle and its applications
• Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension: drops, bubbles, and capillary rise
• Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat
• Heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation
• Newton’s law of cooling

Thermodynamics

• Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature
• Heat, work, and internal energy
• The first law of thermodynamics
• The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes
• Carnot engine and its efficiency

Kinetic Theory of Gases

• Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas
• Kinetic theory of gases: assumptions, concept of pressure
• Kinetic energy and temperature, RMS speed of gas molecules
• Degrees of freedom, Law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases
• Mean free path, Avogadro’s number

Oscillation and Waves

• Periodic motion: period, frequency, displacement as a function of time
• Periodic functions
• Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase: oscillations of a spring: restoring force and force constant: energy in S.H.M.
• Kinetic and potential energies
• Simple pendulum: derivation of expression for its time period
• Free, forced, and damped oscillations, resonance
• Wave motion
• Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave
• Displacement relation for a progressive wave
• Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves
• Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics
• Beats, Doppler Effect in sound

Electrostatics

• Electric charges: Conservation of charge
• Coulomb’s law forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges: superposition principle and continuous charge distribution
• Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines. Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole
• Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field
• Electric flux: Gauss’s law and its applications to find fields due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell
• Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole, and system of charges
• Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field
• Conductors and insulators: Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, the combination of capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates
• Energy stored in a capacitor

Current Electricity

• Electric current
• Drift velocity
• Ohm’s law
• Electrical resistance
• Resistances of different materials
• V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors
• Electrical energy and power
• Electrical resistivity
• Color code for resistors
• Series and parallel combinations of resistors
• Temperature dependence of resistance
• Electric Cell and its Internal resistance, potential difference, and emf of a cell, a combination of cells in series and parallel
• Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications
• Wheatstone bridge, Meter Bridge
• Potentiometer: principle and its applications

Magnetic Effect of Current and Magnetism

• Biot – Savart law and its application to the current-carrying circular loop
• Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long current-carrying straight wire and solenoid
• Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields, Cyclotron
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, The force between two parallel currents carrying conductors: definition of ampere
• Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field: Moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines
• Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements, Para-, dia-, and ferromagnetic substances
• Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, Hysteresis
• Electromagnets and permanent magnets

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current

• Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law, Induced emf and current, Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents, Self and mutual inductance
• Alternating currents: peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage, reactance and impedance, LCR series circuit, resonance: Quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattless current
• AC generator and transformer

Electromagnetic Waves

• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics
• Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves
• Electromagnetic spectrum: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays
• Applications of electromagnetic waves

Optics

• Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula
• Total internal reflection and its applications
• Deviation and Dispersion of light by a prism, Lens Formula
• Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of thin lenses in contact
• Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers
• Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens’ principle
• Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle
• Interference, Young’s double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources, and sustained interference of light
• Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum
• Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes
• Polarisation, plane-polarized light: Brewster’s law, uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid

Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

• Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations
• Einstein’s photoelectric equation: particle nature of light
• Matter waves: wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation, Davisson-Germer experiment

Atoms and Nuclei

• Alpha-particle scattering experiment, Rutherford’s model of the atom
• Bohr model: energy levels, hydrogen spectrum
• Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars, isotones
• Radioactivity: alpha, beta, and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law
• Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion

Electronic Devices

• Semiconductors: semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier
• I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode
• Zener diode as a voltage regulator
• Junction transistor: transistor action, characteristics of a transistor, transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator
• Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR)
• Transistor as a switch

JEE Mains 2025 Chemistry Syllabus

Topic Wise JEE Mains Syllabus 2025

Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry

• Matter and its nature
• Dalton’s atomic theory: Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound
• Physical quantities and their measurements in Chemistry, precision, and accuracy, significant figures
• S.I. Units, dimensional analysis
• Laws of chemical combination
• Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae
• Chemical equations and stoichiometry

Atomic Structure

• Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations
• Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect
• Spectrum of the hydrogen atom
• Bohr model of a hydrogen atom: its postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr’s model
• Dual nature of matter, de Broglie’s relationship
• Heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics: the quantum mechanical model of the atom, its important features
• Concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions: Variation of Y and Y2 with r for 1s and 2s orbitals
• Various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance: shapes of s, p, and d orbitals, electron spin, and spin quantum number
• Rules for filling electrons in orbitals: Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle, and Hund’s rule
• Electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

• Kossel – Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds
• Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy
• Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan’s rule, dipole moment
• Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules
• Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding
• Valence bond theory: its important features, the concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals
• Resonance, Molecular Orbital Theory: Its important features
• LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules
• The concept of bond order, bond length, and bond energy
• Elementary idea of metallic bonding, Hydrogen bonding, and its applications

Chemical Thermodynamics

• Fundamentals of thermodynamics
• System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes
• The first law of thermodynamics: Concept of work, heat internal energy, and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity
• Hess’s law of constant heat summation
• Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionisation, and solution
• The second law of thermodynamics: Spontaneity of processes
• DS of the universe and DG of the system as criteria for spontaneity
• DG° (Standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant

Solutions

• Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution: molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both)
• The vapour pressure of solutions, Raoult’s Law: Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions
• Colligative properties of dilute solutions: relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point, and osmotic pressure
• Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties
• Abnormal value of molar mass, van’t Hoff factor and its significance

Equilibrium

• Meaning of equilibrium, the concept of dynamic equilibrium
• Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas, and solid-gas equilibria, Henry’s law
• General characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes
• Equilibrium involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, the significance of DG and DG° in chemical equilibrium, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, the effect of catalyst
• Le Chatelier’s principle
• Ionic equilibrium

Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

• Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions
• Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and their variation with concentration
• Kohlrausch’s law and its applications
• Electrochemical cells: Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement: Nernst equation and its applications
• Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs’ energy change
• Dry cell and lead accumulator, Fuel cells

Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst
• Elementary and complex reactions
• Order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant, and its units
• Differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives
• The effect of temperature on the rate of reactions
• Arrhenius theory, activation energy, and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation)

Inorganic Chemistry

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

• Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table
• s, p, d, and f block elements
• Periodic trends in properties of elements of atomic and ionic radii
• Ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy
• Valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity

p-block elements

Group 13 to Group 18 Elements

• General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups
• Unique behaviour of the first element in each group

Groupwise study of the p-block elements

• Group 13: Preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminum; Structure, properties, and uses of borax, boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride, and alums
• Group 14: The tendency for catenation; Structure, properties, and uses of Allotropes and oxides of carbon, silicon tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites, and silicones
• Group 15: Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotrophic forms of phosphorus; Preparation, properties, structure, and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine, and phosphorus halides (PCl3, PCl5); Structures of oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen and phosphorus
• Group 16: Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of ozone; Allotropic forms of sulfur; Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of sulfuric acid (including its industrial preparation); Structures of oxoacids of sulfur
• Group 17: Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrochloric acid; Trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; Structures of Interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens
• Group 18

d- and f-block elements

Transition Elements

• General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first-row transition elements: physical properties, ionisation enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, color, catalytic behavior, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation
• Preparation, properties, and uses of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4

Inner Transition Elements

• Lanthanoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states, and lanthanoid contraction
• Actinoids: Electronic configuration and oxidation states

Coordination Compounds

• Introduction to coordination compounds
• Werner’s theory: ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation
• IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism
• Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, color and magnetic properties
• Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals, and in biological systems)

Organic Chemistry

Purification and Characterization of Organic Compounds

• Purification: Crystallisation, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography: principles and their applications
• Qualitative analysis: Detection of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and halogens
• Quantitative analysis (basic principles only): Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulfur, phosphorus; Calculations of empirical formula and molecular formulae
• Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis

Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

• Tetravalency of carbon: Shapes of simple molecules – hybridization (s and p)
• Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
• Homologous series: Isomerism – structural and stereoisomerism
• Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)
• Covalent bond fission: Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations, and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and nucleophiles
• Electronic displacement in a covalent bond: Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation
• Common types of organic reactions: Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement

Hydrocarbons

• Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions
• Alkanes: Conformations – Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes
• Alkenes: Geometrical isomerism, Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff’s and peroxide effect), Ozonolysis, and polymerization
• Alkynes: Acidic character, Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides, Polymerization
• Aromatic hydrocarbons: Nomenclature, benzene – structure and aromaticity, Mechanism of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration, Friedel-Craft’s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in monosubstituted benzene

Organic Compounds containing Halogen

• General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions
• Nature of C-X bond
• Mechanisms of substitution reactions
• Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform freons, and DDT

Organic Compounds containing Oxygen

ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS, AND ETHERS

• Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols: mechanism of dehydration
• Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration, and sulphonation, Reimer-Tiemann reaction
• Ethers: Structure

Aldehyde and Ketones

• Nature of carbonyl group
• Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones
• Important reactions: Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3, and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation, reduction (Wolf Kishner and Clemmensen); the acidity of a-hydrogen
• Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction
• Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones
• Carboxylic Acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it

Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen

• General methods of preparation
• Properties, reactions, and uses
• Amines: Nomenclature, classification structure, basic character, and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character
• Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry

Biomolecules

• General introduction and importance of biomolecules

CARBOHYDRATES

• Classification: aldoses and ketoses, monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose)

PROTEINS

• Elementary Idea of a-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides
• Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes

VITAMINS

• Classification and functions

NUCLEIC ACIDS

• Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA
• Biological functions of nucleic acids

Principles Related to Practical Chemistry

• Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, Sulfur, halogens) in organic compounds
• Detection of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones), carboxyl, and amino groups in organic compounds
• The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following:
  • Inorganic compounds: Mohr’s salt, potash alum
  • Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform
• The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises: Acids, bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs KMnO4, Mohr’s salt vs KMnO4
• Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis
• Chemical principles involved in the following experiments:
  1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4
  2. Enthalpy of neutralisation of strong acid and strong base
  3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols
  4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature

JEE Mains 2025 Maths Syllabus

Topic Wise JEE Mains Syllabus 2025

Sets, Relations, and Functions

• Sets and their representation
• Union, intersection, and complement of sets and their algebraic properties
• Power set
• Relation: Type of relations, equivalence relations
• Functions: one-one, into and onto functions, the composition of functions

Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

• Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals
• Representation of complex numbers in the form a + ib and their representation in a plane
• Argand diagram, algebra of complex numbers, modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number, square root of a complex number, triangle inequality
• Quadratic equations in real and complex number systems and their solutions
• Relations between roots and coefficients, nature of roots, the formation of quadratic equations with given roots

Matrices and Determinants

• Matrices, algebra of matrices, type of matrices
• Determinants of order two and three
• Properties of determinants, evaluation of determinants
• Area of triangles using determinants
• Adjoint and evaluation of the inverse of a square matrix using determinants and elementary transformations
• Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using determinants and matrices

Permutation and Combination

• The fundamental principle of counting
• Permutation as an arrangement and combination as a selection
• Meaning of P(n, r) and C(n, r), simple applications

Binomial Theorem and its Simple Applications

• Binomial theorem for a positive integral index
• General term and middle term
• Properties of Binomial coefficients, and simple applications

Sequence and Series

• Arithmetic and Geometric progressions
• Insertion of arithmetic and geometric means between two given numbers
• Relation between A.M. and G.M.
• Sum up to n terms of special series: Sn, Sn², Sn³
• Arithmetico-Geometric progression

Limit, Continuity, and Differentiability

• Real–valued functions, algebra of functions
• Polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions, inverse function
• Graphs of simple functions
• Limits, continuity, and differentiability
• Differentiation of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions
• Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite, and implicit functions
• Derivatives of order up to two
• Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems
• Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of functions of one variable, tangents and normal

Integral Calculus

• Integral as an anti-derivative
• Fundamental Integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions
• Integrations by substitution, by parts, and by partial functions
• Integration using trigonometric identities
• Integral as the limit of a sum
• The fundamental theorem of calculus, properties of definite integrals
• Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form

Differential Equations

• Ordinary differential equations, their order, and degree
• Formation of differential equations
• Solution of differential equation by the method of separation of variables, solution of a homogeneous and linear differential equation

Coordinate Geometry

• Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane
• Distance formula, section formula, locus, and its equation
• Translation of axes, the slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the coordinate axis

Straight Line

• Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, the distance of a point from a line, equations of internal and external bisectors of angles between two lines, coordinates of the centroid, orthocenter, and circumcenter of a triangle, equation of the family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines

Circle, Conic Sections

• Standard form of equations of a circle, the general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and center, equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle with the center at the origin, and condition for a line to be tangent to a circle, equation of the tangent
• Sections of conics, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola) in standard forms, condition for y = mx + c to be a tangent and point(s) of tangency

Three Dimensional Geometry

• Coordinates of a point in space, the distance between two points, section formula, direction ratios, and direction cosines, the angle between two intersecting lines
• Skew lines, the shortest distance between them, and its equation
• Equations of a line and a plane in different forms, the intersection of a line and a plane, and coplanar lines

Vector Algebra

• Vectors and scalars, the addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three-dimensional space, scalar and vector products, scalar and vector triple product

Statistics and Probability

• Measures of discretion
• Calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data
• Calculation of standard deviation, variance, and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data

Probability

• Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Bayes’ theorem, probability distribution of a random variable, Bernoulli trials, and binomial distribution

Trigonometry

• Trigonometrical identities and equations
• Trigonometrical functions, inverse trigonometrical functions, and their properties, heights, and distance