NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology Chapter 4

NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology will help students to deepen their knowledge related to the topic of Reproductive Health. This provided exemplar by SimplyAcad allows students to cover all the areas and sections comprising the chapter 4 of the biology textbook. The subject experts have prepared several answer type questions such as MCQs based, very short, short and long answer type questions. It will be an advantage for students as they become more familiar with these different patterns. Students can easily access this NCERT exemplar for class 12 biology in this article below to perform incredibly well in their upcoming 12th board examinations. 

 

Along with this, there are several other NCERT exemplar for class 12 science of all the chapters provided in a detailed manner. 

Access the NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 Reproductive Health

 

1. The method of directly injecting a sperm into the ovum in Assisted

Reproductive Technology is called:

1. GIFT
2. ZIFT
3. ICSI
4. ET

Solution:

Option (c) is the answer.

2. Increased IMR and decreased MMR in a population will:
3. Cause a rapid increase in growth rate
4. Result in a decline in growth rate
5. Not cause a significant change in growth rate
6. Result in an explosive population

Solution:

Option (b) is the answer.

3. Intensely lactating mothers do not generally conceive due to the:
4. Suppression of gonadotropins
5. Hypersecretion of gonadotropins
6. Suppression of gametic transport
7. Suppression of fertilization

Solution:

Option (a) is the answer.

4. Sterilisation techniques are generally foolproof methods of contraception with least side effects. Yet, this is the last option for couples because:
5. It is almost irreversible
6. Of the misconception that it will reduce sexual urge

iii. It is a surgical procedure

1. Of lack of sufficient facilities in many parts of the country

Choose the correct option:

1. i and iii
2. ii and iii
3. ii and iv
4. I, ii, iii and iv

Solution:

Option (d) is the answer.

5. A national-level approach to building up a reproductively healthy society

was taken up in our country in:

1. the 1950s
2. The 1960s
3. The 1980s
4. The 1990s

Solution:

Option (a) is the answer.

6. Emergency contraceptives are effective if used within:
7. 72 hrs of coitus
8. 72 hrs of ovulation
9. 72 hrs of menstruation
10. 72 hrs of implantation

Solution:

Option (a) is the answer.

7. Choose the right one among the statements given below:
8. IUDs are generally inserted by the user herself
9. IUDs increase phagocytosis reaction in the uterus
10. IUDs suppress gametogenesis
11. IUDs once inserted, need not be replaced

Solution:

Option (b) is the answer.

8. Following statements are given regarding MTP. Choose the correct options given below:
9. MTPs are generally advised during first trimester
10. MTPs are used as a contraceptive method

iii. MTPs are always surgical

1. MTPs require the assistance of qualified medical personnel

(a) ii and iii (b) ii and iii (c) i and iv (d) i and ii

Solution:

Option (c) is the answer.

9. From the sexually transmitted diseases mentioned below, identify the

one which does not specifically affect the sex organs:

1. Syphilis
2. AIDS
3. Gonorrhoea
4. Genital warts

Solution:

Option (b) is the answer.

10. Condoms are one of the most popular contraceptives because of the

following reasons:

1. These are effective barriers for insemination
2. They do not interfere with coital act
3. These help in reducing the risk of STDs
4. All of the above

Solution:

Option (d) is the answer.

11. Choose the correct statement regarding the ZIFT procedure:
12. Ova collected from a female donor are transferred to the fallopian

tube to facilitate zygote formation.

1. A zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the

fallopian tube

1. A zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterus
2. Ova collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterusSolution:

Option (b) is the answer.

12. The correct surgical procedure as a contraceptive method is:
13. Ovariectomy
14. Hysterectomy
15. Vasectomy
16. Castration

Solution:

Option (c) is the answer.

13. Diaphragms are contraceptive devices used by females. Choose the

correct option from the statements given below:

1. They are introduced into the uterus
2. They are placed to cover the cervical region

iii. They act as physical barriers for sperm entry

1. They act as spermicidal agents

(a) I and ii, (b) I and iii, (c) ii and iii, (d) iii & iv

Solution:

Option (c) is the answer.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS: NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 Reproductive Health

1. Reproductive health refers only to healthy reproductive functions. Comment.

Solution:

Reproductive health means total well-being in all aspects of reproduction, i.e., physical, emotional, behavioural and social. That is the normal functioning of all the reproductive organs.

2. Comment on the Reproductive and Child Health Care programme of the government to improve the reproductive health of the people.

Solution:

The main intention of the Reproductive and Child Health Care programme is to create awareness about reproduction-related areas or topics among people. RCH’s main aim is to reduce mortality rates of infants, children and mothers.

3. The present population growth rate in India is alarming. Suggest ways to check it.

Solution:

1. By motivating smaller families to use contraceptive methods or birth control methods.
2. By providing incentives to couples with small families so that people can be motivated to have smaller families.

iii. By educating people about the consequences of uncontrolled population growth.

4. STDs can be considered as self-invited diseases. Comment.

Solution:

STDs are diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse, they are also known as venereal diseases (VD) or reproductive tract infections (RTI).

5. Suggest the reproduction-related aspects in which counselling should be provided at the school level.

Solution:

1. Make aware of the sex-related aspect to young children so that they don’t believe in myths
2. Information about the sex organs, adolescence and related changes
3. Creating awareness of problems due to uncontrolled population growth, social evils like sex abuse and sex-related crimes
4. Mention the primary aim of the “Assisted Reproductive Technology” (ART) programme.

Solution:

The primary aim of the “Assisted Reproductive Technology” (ART) programme is to help infertile couples to have children through these special techniques.

7. What is the significance of progesterone-estrogen combination as a contraceptive measure?

Solution:

It inhibits the ovulation and implantation and also alters the quality of cervical mucus to prevent sperm entry.

8. Strict conditions are to be followed in the medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) procedures. Mention two reasons.

Solution:

1. To avoid this cruel and sexist practice, strict guidelines and laws are to be put in place.
2. MTPs are sometimes illegally performed by unqualified people who are unsafe in some cases, fatal too.
3. Males in whom testes fail to descend to the scrotum are generally infertile. Why?

Solution:

Testes are very sensitive to temperature, if they do not descend into the scrotum before adolescence, they will stop producing sperms. This leads to inhibition of gametogenesis and hence causes infertility.

10. Mention two advantages of lactational amenorrhea as a contraceptive method.

Solution;

1. Breastfeeding leads to increased levels of prolactin, a hormone that inhibits ovulation and, thereby, no pregnancy.
2. It does not require any insertion of any type of devices.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS: NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 Reproductive Health

1. Suggest some important steps that you would recommend to be taken to improve the reproductive health standards in India.

Solution:

1. Introduction of sex education at the school level to create awareness about various sex-related aspects
2. By providing infrastructural facilities and professional expertise to attain reproductive health.
3. Parents, other close relatives, teachers and friends, also have a major role in the dissemination of the above information.
4. The procedure of GIFT involves the transfer of female gamete to the fallopian tube. Can gametes be transferred to the uterus to achieve the same result? Explain.

Solution:

GIFT – Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer is one of the methods of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). And if the gametes/ovum is transferred to the uterus, from uterus they cannot move to the fallopian tube. And also, fertilization does not take place in the uterus as the uterine environment is not congenial for the survival of the gametes. Hence the same results cannot be achieved.

3. Copper ions-releasing IUDs are more efficient than non-medicated methods. Why?

Solution:

Copper ions released suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sperms. It increases the phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus. They are one of the safest and most effective.

4. What are the probable factors that contributed to the population explosion in India?

Solution:

1. Increase in several people of reproducible age.
2. Rapid decline in death rate, maternal mortality rate (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR)
3. Poverty and illiteracy
4. Desire to have a male child makes people have more children.
5. Briefly explain IVF and ET. What are the conditions in which these methods are advised?

Solution:

IVF – In Vitro Fertilization is the process of fertilization outside the body in conditions similar to the body’s internal environment. This method is preferable for females who cannot conceive. IVF is also known as a test-tube baby programme. In this method, the gametes from the male (sperm) and female (ova) are collected hygienically and are allowed to fuse (to form zygote) in a laboratory set up under simulated conditions.

6. What are the advantages of natural methods of contraception over artificial methods?

Solution:

1. There won’t be any surgical intervention or side effects
2. The natural method can be used at any stage of the reproductive cycle.
3. It will be cost-effective.
4. What are the conditions in which the medical termination of pregnancy is advised?

Solution:

1. Medical Termination of Pregnancy, also known as abortion, is the intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy which is advised only when the continuation of the pregnancy could be harmful or even fatal either to the mother, the foetus or to both. It is advised if the foetus is suffering from an incurable disease. It can be done when one wants to terminate an unwanted pregnancy.
2. Comment on the essential features required for an ideal contraceptive.

Solution:

1. Ease of availability
2. User-friendliness

iii. Cost-optimized

1. No interference with sexual drive
2. All reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are STDs, but all STDs are not RTIs. Justify with example.

Solution:

RTIs – Reproductive Tract Infections STDs – Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Common STDs are gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, Chlamydia, hepatitis B, AIDS, etc. which do not cause reproductive tract infections. Hepatitis-B and AIDS are not infections of the reproductive organs through their mode of transmission could be through sexual contact also. Hence all STDs are not RTIs.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS: NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 Reproductive Health

1. What are the Assisted Reproductive Techniques practiced to help infertile couples? Describe any three techniques.

Solution:

The primary aim of the “Assisted Reproductive Technology” (ART) programme is to help infertile couples have children.

1. Test Tube Baby Programme

IVF is also known as a test-tube baby programme which is in-vitro fertilization. Male gametes (sperm) and female (ova) are collected hygienically and allowed to fuse (to form a zygote) in a laboratory set up under simulated conditions.

1. GIFT – Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer

GIFT is the transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce an ovum but can provide a suitable environment for fertilisation and further development of the embryo takes place here.

2. Discuss the mode of action and advantages/disadvantages of hormonal contraceptives.

Solution:

The mode of action and advantages of hormonal contraceptives are:

1. Pills inhibit ovulation and implantation as well as alter the quality of cervical mucus to prevent/ retard entry of sperms.
2. Progestogens alone or in combination with estrogen can also be used as injections or implants under the skin.
3. Hormone-based contraceptive is completely reversible, allowing pregnancy to occur on discontinued usage.

DISADVANTAGES:

1. It can cause allergic conditions and serious side effects.
2. It may cause damage to the normal hormonal balance.
3. They disturb the menstrual cycle so that level of menstrual flow can be either too low or high and lead to irregular menstruation cycles.
4. STDs are a threat to reproductive health. Describe any two such diseases and suggest preventive measures.

Solution:

Gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydia, genital warts, trichomoniasis, hepatitis-B and AIDS are some of the common STDs.

AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is a set of symptoms caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Human T-cell leukaemia virus) virus in humans. AIDS is usually developed from infection after a few months or can even take years. Diagnostic test for AIDS is ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay).

Hepatitis-B is caused by the Hepatitis-B virus. It is transmitted by blood transfusions or contaminated needles or body fluids (like semen, saliva, sweat, breast milk, etc). As it can be transmitted by breast milk the baby lactating infected mother also gets infected.

4. Do you justify the statutory ban on amniocentesis in our country? Give reasons.

Solution:

Yes, I do justify the statutory ban on amniocentesis in our country. Yes, I do justify the statutory ban on amniocentesis in our country. if the female foetus is found the pregnancy is terminated leading to female foeticide. This is done due to increasing demand for the male child either due to small family or due to orthodoxy. And female foeticide is again illegal.

5. Enumerate and describe any five reasons for introducing sex education to school-going children.

Solution:

1. Sex education in schools will help the students to get a clear understanding of the myths and misconceptions related to sex.
2. Helps in providing information about the reproductive organs and the changes happening at the period of adolescence
3. Helps them to understand the importance of carrying a child in the womb and pregnancy, post-natal care of the mother and child, the importance of breastfeeding, and gender equality, which would allow the younger generation to be educated and aware of sexual well-being.
4. Educating children of age group 12 and above about safe and hygienic sexual practices ensures safeguarding against STDs.
5. This type of education also helps children to lead a healthy reproductive life in future.

NCERT Exemplar For Class 12 Science

Students must practise these additional questions for their own benefits, the ncert exemplar are curated by the best subject-matter experts to boost your knowledge on the presented topic. Students can easily access the ncert exemplar for class 12 science by visiting our website SimplyAcad and solve all the questions listed to secure maximum marks. 

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