NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Physics Chapter 13

SimplyAcad has provided the NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Physics below to help students learn about the different topics in a detailed manner. The exemplar will allow students to gain deep insights of all the sections and prepares you better for the upcoming examination. Physics requires attention to minor details and information, therefore, solving exemplars will be an effective way to increase your marks. The given exemplar contains MCQs of two different types, Very Short and Short Answer Type Question. Students can access the NCERT exemplar for class 12 Physics Chapter 13 Nuclei by scrolling below. Along with this, there are several NCERT exemplar for class 12 science of all the chapters provided on this platform.

Access the NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Chapter 13 Nuclei

Multiple Choice Questions I

13.1. Suppose we consider a large number of containers each containing initially 10000 atoms of a radioactive material with a half-life of 1 year. After 1 year

(a) all the containers will have 5000 atoms of the material

(b) all the containers will contain the same number of atoms of the material but that number will only be approximately 5000

(c) the containers will, in general, have different numbers of the atoms of the material but their average will be close to 5000

(d) none of the containers can have more than 5000 atoms

Answer:

(c) the containers will, in general, have different numbers of the atoms of the material but their average will be close to 5000

13.2. The gravitational force between an H-atom and another particle of mass m will be given by Newton’s law: F = G M.m/r2 , where r is in km and

(a) M = mproton + m electron

(b) M = mproton + melectron – B/c2 (B = 13.6 eV)

(c) M is not related to the mass of the hydrogen atom

(d) M = mproton + m electron |V |/c2 – (|V | = magnitude of the potential energy of electron in the H-atom)

Answer:

(b) M = mproton + melectron – B/c2 (B = 13.6 eV)

13.3. When a nucleus in an atom undergoes radioactive decay, the electronic energy levels of the atom

(a) do not change for any type of radioactivity

(b) change for α and β radioactivity but not for γ-radioactivity

(c) change for α-radioactivity but not for others

(d) change for β-radioactivity but not for others

Answer:

(b) change for α and β radioactivity but not for γ-radioactivity

13.4. Mx and My denote the atomic masses of the parent and the daughter nuclei respectively in a radioactive decay. The Q-value for a β– decay is Q1 and that for a β + decay is Q2. If me denotes the mass of an electron, then which of the following statements is correct?

(a) Q1 = (Mx – My) c2 and Q2 = (Mx – My – 2me )c2

(b) Q1 = (Mx – My ) c2 and Q2 = (Mx – My )c2

(c) Q1 = (Mx – My – 2me ) c2 and Q2 = (Mx – My +2 me )c2

(d) Q1 = (Mx – My + 2me ) c2 and Q2 = (Mx – My +2 me )c2

Answer:

(a) Q1 = (Mx – My) c2 and Q2 = (Mx – My – 2me )c2

13.5 Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen whose nucleus Triton contains 2 neutrons and 1 proton. Free neutrons decay into

P+e¯+υ¯

. If one of the neutrons in Triton decays, it would transform into He3 nucleus. This does not happen. This is because

(a) Triton energy is less than that of a He3 nucleus

(b) the electron created in the beta decay process cannot remain in the nucleus

(c) both the neutrons in triton have to decay simultaneously resulting in a nucleus with 3 protons, which is not a He3 nucleus

(d) because free neutrons decay due to external perturbations which is absent in a triton nucleus

Answer:

(a) Triton energy is less than that of a He3 nucleus

13.6. Heavy stable nuclei have more neutrons than protons. This is because of the fact that

(a) neutrons are heavier than protons

(b) electrostatic force between protons are repulsive

(c) neutrons decay into protons through beta decay

(d) nuclear forces between neutrons are weaker than that between protons

Answer:

(b) electrostatic force between protons are repulsive

13.7. In a nuclear reactor, moderators slow down the neutrons which come out in a fission process. The moderator used to have light nuclei. Heavy nuclei will not serve the purpose because

(a) they will break up

(b) elastic collision of neutrons with heavy nuclei will not slow them down

(c) the net weight of the reactor would be unbearably high

(d) substances with heavy nuclei do not occur in a liquid or gaseous state at room temperature

Answer:

(b) elastic collision of neutrons with heavy nuclei will not slow them down

Multiple Choice Questions II

13.8. Fusion processes, like combining two deuterons to form a He nucleus are impossible at ordinary temperatures and pressure. The reasons for this can be traced to the fact:

(a) nuclear forces have short-range

(b) nuclei are positively charged

(c) the original nuclei must be completely ionized before fusion can take place

(d) the original nuclei must first break up before combining with each other

Answer:

(a) nuclear forces have short-range

(b) nuclei are positively charged

13.9. Samples of two radioactive nuclides A and B are taken. λA and λB are the disintegration constants of A and B respectively. In which of the following cases, the two samples can simultaneously have the same decay rate at any time?

(a) Initial rate of decay of A is twice the initial rate of decay of B and λA = λB

(b) Initial rate of decay of A is twice the initial rate of decay of B and λA > λB

(c) Initial rate of decay of B is twice the initial rate of decay of A and λA > λB

(d) Initial rate of decay of B is the same as the rate of decay of A at t = 2h and λB < λA

Answer:

(b) Initial rate of decay of A is twice the initial rate of decay of B and λA > λB

(d) Initial rate of decay of B is the same as the rate of decay of A at t = 2h and λB < λA

13.10. The variation of the decay rate of two radioactive samples A and B with time is shown in the figure. Which of the following statements are true?

dN/dt P

B

A

(a) The decay constant of A is greater than that of B, hence A always decays faster than B

(b) The decay constant of B is greater than that of A but its decay rate is always smaller than that of A

(c) The decay constant of A is greater than that of B but it does not always decay faster than B

(d) The decay constant of B is smaller than that of A but still, its decay rate becomes equal to that of A at a later instant

Answer:

(c) The decay constant of A is greater than that of B but it does not always decay faster than B

(d) The decay constant of B is smaller than that of A but still, its decay rate becomes equal to that of A at a later instant

Very Short Answers

13.11.

He23

and

He13

nuclei have the same mass number. Do they have the same binding energy?

Answer:

He23 and He13 have the same mass number but the binding energy of these two nuclei is different. The binding energy of the He13 is greater than the He23 because the number of protons and neutrons present in both the nuclei are different. He13 has one proton and two neutrons while He23 has two protons and one neutron.

13.12. Draw a graph showing the variation of decay rate with number of active nuclei.

dN/dt

N

According to Rutherford and Soddy law, the radioactive decay is given as –dN/dt = λN.

13.13. Which sample, A or B shown in the figure has shorter mean-life?

dN/dt

A

B

T

Answer:

At t= 0, (dN/dt)A = (dN/dt)B

dN/dt = -λN

(No)A = (No)B

λANA = λBNB

Na > NB

λB > λA

13.14. Which one of the following cannot emit radiation and why? Excited nucleus, excited electron.

Answer:

An excited electron cannot emit radiation because the energy of the electronic energy level is in the range of eV and not in MeV.

13.15. In pair annihilation, an electron and a positron destroy each other to produce gamma radiation. How is the momentum conserved?

Answer:

In pair annihilation, an electron and a positron destroy each other to produce gamma radiation and their momentum is conserved as they move in opposite directions to conserve the momentum.

Short Answers

13.16. Why do stable nuclei never have more protons than neutrons?

Answer:

A stable nuclei never have more protons than neutrons because protons are charged particles and they repel each other. The repulsion is so much that excess neutrons only produce attractive forces and this is sufficient enough to build stability.

13.17. Consider a radioactive nucleus A which decays to a stable nucleus C through the following sequence: A → B → C Here B is an intermediate nuclei which is also radioactive. Considering that there are N0 atoms of A initially, plot the graph showing the variation of a number of atoms of A and B versus time.

Answer:

A

No.of

atoms

B

 

Time

13.18. A piece of wood from the ruins of an ancient building was found to have a C14 activity of 12 disintegrations per minute per gram of its carbon content. The 14C activity of the living wood is 16 disintegrations per minute per gram. How long ago did the tree, from which the wooden sample came, die? Given the half-life of C14 is 5760 years.

Answer:

C14 activity of a piece of wood from the ruins is R = 12 dis/min per gram

C14 activity of a living wood = Ro = 16 dis/min per gram

Half-life of C14 = 5760 years

Using radioactive law,

R = Roe-λt

t = 2391.20 year

13.19. Are the nucleons fundamental particles, or do they consist of still smaller parts? One way to find out is to probe a nucleon just as Rutherford probed an atom. What should be the kinetic energy of an electron for it to be able to probe a nucleon? Assume the diameter of a nucleon to be approximately 10–15 m.

Answer:

λ = h/p and kinetic energy = potential energy

E = hc/ λ

Kinetic energy of an electron

KE = PE = hc/ λ = 109 eV

13.20. A nuclide 1 is said to be the mirror isobar of nuclide 2 if Z1 =N2 and Z2 =N1.

(a) What nuclide is a mirror isobar of

Na1123

?

(b) Which nuclide out of the two mirror isobars have greater binding energy and why?

Answer:

a) From the question, we know that a nuclide 1 is to be the mirror isobar of nuclide 2

if

Z1 = N2 and Z2 = N1

Therefore, mirror isobar is Z2 = 12 – N1 and N2 = 23 -12 = 11 = Z1

b) Mg has greater binding energy than Na.

NCERT Exemplar For Class 12 Science

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